Ranking_programming_languages_by_energy_efficiency_evaluation.ods - The Football Power Index (FPI) is a measure of team strength that is meant to be the best predictor of a team's performance going forward for the rest of the season. FPI represents how many points ...

 
1. JavaScript. JavaScript is one of the world’s most popular programming languages on the web. Using JavaScript, you can build some of the most interactive websites. Also, it is one of the most demanding languages in programming as per recent reports by Stack Overflow.. Denver

However, the question is hard to answer as many factors creep while measuring power consumption. This includes the quality of the compiler, libraries used, etc. However, the researchers were able to separate energy use by CPU or DRAM utilisation, determining that the CPU consumed the majority of power, about 88.94% on average, and the remaining ...Recent studies found that the most widely used programming languages in research, such as R and Python 95, tend to be the least energy-efficient ones 96,97, and, although it is unlikely that ...Home Energy Assessments. A home energy assessment, also known as a home energy audit, can help you understand the whole picture of your home's energy use, comfort, and safety. An assessment can help you determine how much energy your home uses, where your home is inefficient, and which problem areas and fixes you should prioritize to save ... About this report. Energy Efficiency 2021 is the IEA’s annual update on global developments in energy efficiency. This year’s edition explores recent trends in energy efficiency markets at the economy-wide and sectoral levels, including developments in policy and investment. The report also focuses on the role of energy efficiency in ...About this report. Energy Efficiency 2021 is the IEA’s annual update on global developments in energy efficiency. This year’s edition explores recent trends in energy efficiency markets at the economy-wide and sectoral levels, including developments in policy and investment. The report also focuses on the role of energy efficiency in ...Aug 29, 2023 · Most startups use Python-based backend frameworks such as Django (Python), Flask (Python), and NodeJS (JavaScript). These languages are also considered to be the best programming languages to learn for beginners. Below is a list of the most popular and best programming languages that will be in demand in 2023. 1. 7. C#. For the last many years, C# is holding a good position in the list of top programming languages of almost every index. The language is ranked at 4th and 5th position at TIOBE and PYPL index respectively. On GitHub Language Rankings, it holds a place at the #5 position consistently for the last two years.The OECD DAC Network on Development Evaluation (EvalNet) has defined six evaluation criteria – relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability – and two principles for their use. These criteria provide a normative framework used to determine the merit or worth of an intervention (policy, strategy, programme ... Programming languages have a powerful role to develop and implement highly effective programs and systems. Energy consumption is becoming a key criterion when choosing programming languages instead of fast execution. Five papers and five popular programming languages (Haskell, Java, C#, JavaScript, and PHP) were reviewed, to answer whether the fastThe OECD DAC Network on Development Evaluation (EvalNet) has defined six evaluation criteria – relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability – and two principles for their use. These criteria provide a normative framework used to determine the merit or worth of an intervention (policy, strategy, programme ...The interest towards efficiency as a universal principle has only recently re-emerged due to the development of large, richly annotated corpora, which allow new forms of quantitative cross-linguistic investigation. An important role is also played by cutting-edge statistical methods, which include correlation analysis, regression, and computer ...Aug 9, 2021 · RedMonk uses a blend of data from GitHub and Stack Overflow to come up with its semi-annual language rankings. The top 10 languages in RedMonk's latest rankings are: JavaScript. Python. Java. PHP ... This paper compares a large set of programming languages regarding their efficiency, including from an energetic point-of-view. Indeed, we seek to establish and analyze different rankings for programming languages based on their energy efficiency.In a programming language, an evaluation strategy is a set of rules for evaluating expressions. The term is often used to refer to the more specific notion of a parameter-passing strategy that defines the kind of value that is passed to the function for each parameter (the binding strategy) and whether to evaluate the parameters of a function call, and if so in what order (the evaluation order). Jul 26, 2016 · After two years in second place, C has finally edged out Java for the top spot. Staying in the top five, Python has swapped places with C++ to take the No. 3 position, and C# has fallen out of the ... Guidebook for Energy Efficiency Evaluation, Measurement & Verification (EM&V Guidebook) to help state, local, and tribal air and energy officials—as well as key stakeholders such as utility EE implementers—take steps to learn about, establish, or refine their EM&V approaches. 1.1.1. Use by Air OfficialsMonitor and estimation tool enabled for 2nd Generation Intel® Core™ processors. IPPET is a prototype power monitoring utility that uses Intel-specific energy MSRs to break down power consumption per process and displays them in real-time on a web browser. PowerTOP is a Linux* tool to diagnose issues with power consumption and power management.What's the Most Efficient Language? It's 2025, and alien explorers from a distant planet are set to make first contact with Earth. Conveniently for us, they have a universal translator. Unfortunately, for us, they've intercepted far too many episodes of Jersey Shore and have a skewed perception of our species. So, in an effort to put humanity's ...👉 Ranking #programmingLanguages by #energy #efficiency 🤔 Impressive work !👏 ⬇️⬇️⬇️ Rui Pereira, et all, Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency, Science of Computer ... A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. [1] Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language . The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning), which ...Python is a relatively new programming language, first introduced in 1989, that has surged in popularity with the emergence of new fields of application. It is an interpreted language that supports automatic memory management and object-oriented programming. It heavily prioritizes developer experience.Nov 2, 2022 · The idea transmuted over to software programming languages—surely a faster language was a greener one, the logic went. That all changed in 2017 thanks to a group of researchers in Portugal who use what’s called the Computer Language Benchmarks Game (CLBG) as a way of ranking software languages in terms of energy efficiency. After two years in second place, C has finally edged out Java for the top spot. Staying in the top five, Python has swapped places with C++ to take the No. 3 position, and C# has fallen out of the ...Energy efficiency is the use of less energy to perform the same task or produce the same result. Energy-efficient homes and buildings use less energy to heat, cool, and run appliances and electronics, and energy-efficient manufacturing facilities use less energy to produce goods. Energy efficiency is one of the easiest and most cost-effective ...Aug 29, 2023 · This year, Python doesn’t just remain No. 1 in our general “Spectrum” ranking—which is weighted to reflect the interests of the typical IEEE member—but it widens its lead. Python’s ... The lambda calculus, developed in the 1930s by Alonzo Church, is a formal system of computation built from function application. In 1937 Alan Turing proved that the lambda calculus and Turing machines are equivalent models of computation, [36] showing that the lambda calculus is Turing complete. Lambda calculus forms the basis of all functional ... Energy Efficiency Policies and Programs. Energy efficiency policies and programs can help drive the implementation of projects that minimize or reduce energy use during the operation of a system or machine and/or production of a good or service. Resources related to different types of energy efficiency policies and programs are available below.May 5, 2021 · Using concepts from economics, efficiency can also be defined as the maximization of the benefit-to-cost ratio. Although communication can bring diverse benefits (social status, aesthetic pleasure, etc.), the main focus of most current studies on efficiency is on the successful transfer of information through a noisy communication channel, which is studied from an information theoretic ... May 1, 2021 · Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency - ScienceDirect Science of Computer Programming Volume 205, 1 May 2021, 102609 Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency Pereira a b , Marco Couto c b , Francisco Ribeiro c b , Rua c b , Jácome Cunha c b , João Paulo Fernandes d , João Saraiva c b Add to Mendeley Simon Fraser. Lecturer at Ulster University. 1w. Interesting (well to me anyhow) paper about the evaluation of the behaviour of the March and June versions of the ChatGPT 3.5 and 4. If we're going ... Algorithmic efficiency. In computer science, algorithmic efficiency is a property of an algorithm which relates to the amount of computational resources used by the algorithm. An algorithm must be analyzed to determine its resource usage, and the efficiency of an algorithm can be measured based on the usage of different resources.The Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) offers undergraduate and graduate programs of study in Computer Science , Computer Science and Business, and Data Science, along with research opportunities in these fields. Computer science, the core of includes the study of computer algorithms, software systems, and the effective use of ... Speed comparison of programming languages. This projects tries to compare the speed of different programming languages. In this project we don't really care about getting a precise calculation of pi. We only want to see how fast are the programming languages doing. It uses an implementation of the Leibniz formula for π to do the comparison. However, the question is hard to answer as many factors creep while measuring power consumption. This includes the quality of the compiler, libraries used, etc. However, the researchers were able to separate energy use by CPU or DRAM utilisation, determining that the CPU consumed the majority of power, about 88.94% on average, and the remaining ...Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency R Pereira, M Couto, F Ribeiro, R Rua, J Cunha, JP Fernandes, J Saraiva Science of Computer Programming 205, 102609 , 2021In a programming language, an evaluation strategy is a set of rules for evaluating expressions. The term is often used to refer to the more specific notion of a parameter-passing strategy that defines the kind of value that is passed to the function for each parameter (the binding strategy) and whether to evaluate the parameters of a function call, and if so in what order (the evaluation order).Swift. Haskell. C#. Go. Dart. JavaScript. TypeScript. “This paper presents a study of the runtime, memory usage, and energy consumption of twenty-seven well-known software languages. We monitor ...The Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) offers undergraduate and graduate programs of study in Computer Science , Computer Science and Business, and Data Science, along with research opportunities in these fields. Computer science, the core of includes the study of computer algorithms, software systems, and the effective use of ... This table is an extract from a 2017 scientific article, Energy Efficiency Across Programming Languages, and it makes sense: compiled languages like C or C++ are fast and energy efficient while ...Oct 23, 2017 · This paper presents a study of the runtime, memory usage and energy consumption of twenty seven well-known software languages. We monitor the performance of such languages using ten different programming problems, expressed in each of the languages. Our results show interesting findings, such as, slower/faster languages consuming less/more energy, and how memory usage influences energy ... Energy efficiency across programming languages: how do energy, time, and memory relate?. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Software Language Engineering (pp. 256 ...Python dominates as the de facto platform for new technologies. Stephen Cass. 24 Aug 2021. 3 min read. Shutterstock. Learn Python. That's the biggest takeaway we can give you from its continued ...This paper presents a study of the runtime, memory usage and energy consumption of twenty seven well-known software languages. We monitor the performance of such languages using ten different programming problems, expressed in each of the languages. Our results show interesting findings, such as, slower/faster languages consuming less/more energy, and how memory usage influences energy ...Aug 29, 2023 · This year, Python doesn’t just remain No. 1 in our general “Spectrum” ranking—which is weighted to reflect the interests of the typical IEEE member—but it widens its lead. Python’s ... What's the Most Efficient Language? It's 2025, and alien explorers from a distant planet are set to make first contact with Earth. Conveniently for us, they have a universal translator. Unfortunately, for us, they've intercepted far too many episodes of Jersey Shore and have a skewed perception of our species. So, in an effort to put humanity's ...Depending on which factors are important for your project you will get a different ranking of possible languages for your project. Conclusion. There is no singular good way to rank programming languages. However whenever you encounter a list or ranking of programming languages just be aware of what techniques they used to create the list.What the study did is implement 10 benchmark problems in 27 different programming languages and measure execution time, energy consumption, and peak memory use. C and Rust significantly outperformed other languages in energy efficiency. In fact, they were roughly 50% more efficient than Java and 98% more efficient than Python.Dec 3, 2020 · For the last five years, Rust was voted as the most loved programming language by 86% of developers who took the survey. TypeScript took position two with 67.1% while Python came third after ... Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency - ScienceDirect Science of Computer Programming Volume 205, 1 May 2021, 102609 Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency Pereira a b , Marco Couto c b , Francisco Ribeiro c b , Rua c b , Jácome Cunha c b , João Paulo Fernandes d , João Saraiva c b Add to MendeleyPython dominates as the de facto platform for new technologies. Stephen Cass. 24 Aug 2021. 3 min read. Shutterstock. Learn Python. That's the biggest takeaway we can give you from its continued ...Java usage is widespread, with companies such as Google, Netflix, Uber, and Spotify using the language. Growing in popularity at a rate of 155%, Java is likely to retain its number one position for the foreseeable future. #2. Python. What this language is used for: Web development.Feb 13, 2022 · 7. C#. For the last many years, C# is holding a good position in the list of top programming languages of almost every index. The language is ranked at 4th and 5th position at TIOBE and PYPL index respectively. On GitHub Language Rankings, it holds a place at the #5 position consistently for the last two years. Swift. Haskell. C#. Go. Dart. JavaScript. TypeScript. “This paper presents a study of the runtime, memory usage, and energy consumption of twenty-seven well-known software languages. We monitor ...Speed comparison of programming languages. This projects tries to compare the speed of different programming languages. In this project we don't really care about getting a precise calculation of pi. We only want to see how fast are the programming languages doing. It uses an implementation of the Leibniz formula for π to do the comparison. The 14 Best Programming Languages to Learn in 2023. 1. Python. Python is an open-sourced, general-purpose programming language. When it comes to Python applications, you have a lot of choices, as it’s widely used for web development, scientific computing, artificial intelligence, data analysis, and more.Simon Fraser. Lecturer at Ulster University. 1w. Interesting (well to me anyhow) paper about the evaluation of the behaviour of the March and June versions of the ChatGPT 3.5 and 4. If we're going ... Feb 1, 2023 · Feb 1. This is a blog post-version of the recent live talk of João Saraiva in the clean-IT openXchange series. In his live talk, Saraiva explained the methods and results of their famous study ... Python is one of the most popular programming languages in the world. Dutch software company’s programming language index for 2021 also indicates that. But is it one of the most energy-efficient ...RedMonk gives these rankings: 1 JavaScript 2 Java 3 Python 4 PHP 5 C# 6 C++ 7 CSS 8 Ruby 9 C 10 Objective-C 11 Swift 12 Shell 12 Scala 14 R 15 Go 15 Perl 17 TypeScript 18 PowerShell 19 Haskell 20 CoffeeScript 20 Lua 20 Matlab. Another ranking system, by Tiobe, ends up with a radically different top 20.Jun 1, 2015 · Monitor and estimation tool enabled for 2nd Generation Intel® Core™ processors. IPPET is a prototype power monitoring utility that uses Intel-specific energy MSRs to break down power consumption per process and displays them in real-time on a web browser. PowerTOP is a Linux* tool to diagnose issues with power consumption and power management. Python is one of the most popular programming languages in the world. Dutch software company’s programming language index for 2021 also indicates that. But is it one of the most energy-efficient ...Jan 25, 2023 · Python is a relatively new programming language, first introduced in 1989, that has surged in popularity with the emergence of new fields of application. It is an interpreted language that supports automatic memory management and object-oriented programming. It heavily prioritizes developer experience. A comprehensive study on the energy efficiency of Java thread-safe collections. In Proceedings of ICSME, 2016. 48. Pinto G., Soares-Neto, F., and Castor, F. Refactoring for energy efficiency: A reflection on the state of the art. In Proceedings of GREENS, 2015. 49. Ribic, H. and Liu, Y.D. Energy-efficient work-stealing language runtimes.What the study did is implement 10 benchmark problems in 27 different programming languages and measure execution time, energy consumption, and peak memory use. C and Rust significantly outperformed other languages in energy efficiency. In fact, they were roughly 50% more efficient than Java and 98% more efficient than Python.What's the Most Efficient Language? It's 2025, and alien explorers from a distant planet are set to make first contact with Earth. Conveniently for us, they have a universal translator. Unfortunately, for us, they've intercepted far too many episodes of Jersey Shore and have a skewed perception of our species. So, in an effort to put humanity's ...Nov 2, 2022 · The idea transmuted over to software programming languages—surely a faster language was a greener one, the logic went. That all changed in 2017 thanks to a group of researchers in Portugal who use what’s called the Computer Language Benchmarks Game (CLBG) as a way of ranking software languages in terms of energy efficiency. https://lnkd.in/d8V5DuX4. Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency sciencedirect.comWhat's the Most Efficient Language? It's 2025, and alien explorers from a distant planet are set to make first contact with Earth. Conveniently for us, they have a universal translator. Unfortunately, for us, they've intercepted far too many episodes of Jersey Shore and have a skewed perception of our species. So, in an effort to put humanity's ...May 20, 2018 · For example, overall the C language turned out to be the fastest and also the most energy efficient. But in the benchmark test which involved scanning a DNA database for a particular genetic sequence, Rust was the most energy-efficient — while C came in third. For a lot of programs, the biggest energy suck is between the chair and keyboard. Most low energy languages are harder to code with, hence require more energy up front. Ask how much developer time it took to get all those toy programs to run correctly. My guess is the Python code took 10-20% of the time the C code took to write.The reason why it does not top the list is that it is a dynamic language. 4. Fortran. Fortran is a general-purpose language used for scientific calculations. It is known for its high performance and is used in ranking the fastest supercomputers. Fortran is widely used for numerical programming since it is faster.May 1, 2021 · Ultimately, it is based on such comparisons that we propose a series of efficiency rankings, based on single and multiple criteria. Our results show interesting findings, such as how slower/faster languages can consume less/more energy, and how memory usage influences energy consumption. Aug 29, 2023 · This year, Python doesn’t just remain No. 1 in our general “Spectrum” ranking—which is weighted to reflect the interests of the typical IEEE member—but it widens its lead. Python’s ... Jul 26, 2016 · After two years in second place, C has finally edged out Java for the top spot. Staying in the top five, Python has swapped places with C++ to take the No. 3 position, and C# has fallen out of the ... Java usage is widespread, with companies such as Google, Netflix, Uber, and Spotify using the language. Growing in popularity at a rate of 155%, Java is likely to retain its number one position for the foreseeable future. #2. Python. What this language is used for: Web development.This paper compares a large set of programming languages regarding their efficiency, including from an energetic point-of-view. Indeed, we seek to establish and analyze different rankings for programming languages based on their energy efficiency. Jul 22, 2020 · Our default ranking is weighted toward the interests of an IEEE member, and looking at the top entries, we see that Python has held onto its comfortable lead, with Java and C once again coming in ... 7. C#. For the last many years, C# is holding a good position in the list of top programming languages of almost every index. The language is ranked at 4th and 5th position at TIOBE and PYPL index respectively. On GitHub Language Rankings, it holds a place at the #5 position consistently for the last two years.Energy efficiency across programming languages: how do energy, time, and memory relate?. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Software Language Engineering (pp. 256 ...Jul 26, 2016 · After two years in second place, C has finally edged out Java for the top spot. Staying in the top five, Python has swapped places with C++ to take the No. 3 position, and C# has fallen out of the ... Feb 3, 2023 · In 2023, Java claims the No. 3 spot in terms of the most in-demand programming languages. This object-oriented language is free to use and can run on all platforms. It’s often used in application and web development, and it’s also used on the backend of big-name sites like Google, YouTube, and Amazon. If you’re just learning how to code ... described in Section 2.2) to analyze the energy efficiency of 27 languages and (almost) 270 programs. We have also extended it in order to monitor memory consumption, as well. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 exposes the detailed steps of our methodology to measure and compare energy efficiency in software languages, followed by a pre-Java usage is widespread, with companies such as Google, Netflix, Uber, and Spotify using the language. Growing in popularity at a rate of 155%, Java is likely to retain its number one position for the foreseeable future. #2. Python. What this language is used for: Web development.Guidebook for Energy Efficiency Evaluation, Measurement & Verification (EM&V Guidebook) to help state, local, and tribal air and energy officials—as well as key stakeholders such as utility EE implementers—take steps to learn about, establish, or refine their EM&V approaches. 1.1.1. Use by Air OfficialsSimon Fraser. Lecturer at Ulster University. 1w. Interesting (well to me anyhow) paper about the evaluation of the behaviour of the March and June versions of the ChatGPT 3.5 and 4. If we're going ...

For you programming purists out there, here is an interesting white paper on the runtime energy efficiency of various programming languages. https://lnkd.in/dcMSsjKe People wonder why languages ... . Cheap mopeds for sale under dollar500

ranking_programming_languages_by_energy_efficiency_evaluation.ods

May 1, 2021 · Ultimately, it is based on such comparisons that we propose a series of efficiency rankings, based on single and multiple criteria. Our results show interesting findings, such as how slower/faster languages can consume less/more energy, and how memory usage influences energy consumption. Welcome to IEEE Spectrum ’s ninth annual ranking of the Top Programming Languages! This year we’ve revamped and streamlined our interactive ranking tool and made other changes under the hood, but the goal remains the same—to combine multiple metrics from different sources to estimate the relative popularity of different languages.Sep 12, 2018 · Depending on which factors are important for your project you will get a different ranking of possible languages for your project. Conclusion. There is no singular good way to rank programming languages. However whenever you encounter a list or ranking of programming languages just be aware of what techniques they used to create the list. On IEEE Spectrum 's Fixing the Future podcast, our editors talk with the brightest minds in technology about concrete solutions to big challenges.Simon Fraser. Lecturer at Ulster University. 1w. Interesting (well to me anyhow) paper about the evaluation of the behaviour of the March and June versions of the ChatGPT 3.5 and 4. If we're going ... The OECD DAC Network on Development Evaluation (EvalNet) has defined six evaluation criteria – relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability – and two principles for their use. These criteria provide a normative framework used to determine the merit or worth of an intervention (policy, strategy, programme ...Aug 29, 2023 · Most startups use Python-based backend frameworks such as Django (Python), Flask (Python), and NodeJS (JavaScript). These languages are also considered to be the best programming languages to learn for beginners. Below is a list of the most popular and best programming languages that will be in demand in 2023. 1. Energy efficiency across programming languages: how do energy, time, and memory relate?. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Software Language Engineering (pp. 256 ...Feb 11, 2022 · What the study did is implement 10 benchmark problems in 27 different programming languages and measure execution time, energy consumption, and peak memory use. C and Rust significantly outperformed other languages in energy efficiency. In fact, they were roughly 50% more efficient than Java and 98% more efficient than Python. Haskell (/ ˈ h æ s k əl /) is a general-purpose, statically-typed, purely functional programming language with type inference and lazy evaluation. [26] [27] Designed for teaching, research, and industrial applications, Haskell has pioneered a number of programming language features such as type classes , which enable type-safe operator ...Feb 11, 2022 · What the study did is implement 10 benchmark problems in 27 different programming languages and measure execution time, energy consumption, and peak memory use. C and Rust significantly outperformed other languages in energy efficiency. In fact, they were roughly 50% more efficient than Java and 98% more efficient than Python. Aug 8, 2023 · The 14 Best Programming Languages to Learn in 2023. 1. Python. Python is an open-sourced, general-purpose programming language. When it comes to Python applications, you have a lot of choices, as it’s widely used for web development, scientific computing, artificial intelligence, data analysis, and more. This paper compares a large set of programming languages regarding their efficiency, including from an energetic point-of-view. Indeed, we seek to establish and analyze different rankings for programming languages based on their energy efficiency. 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services. 7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix 7.3 By 2030 ...Programming languages have a powerful role to develop and implement highly effective programs and systems. Energy consumption is becoming a key criterion when choosing programming languages instead of fast execution. Five papers and five popular programming languages (Haskell, Java, C#, JavaScript, and PHP) were reviewed, to answer whether the fastJul 22, 2020 · Our default ranking is weighted toward the interests of an IEEE member, and looking at the top entries, we see that Python has held onto its comfortable lead, with Java and C once again coming in ... Energy Efficiency in Programming Languages Checking Energy Consumption in Programming Languages Using the Computer Language Benchmark Game as a case study. What is this? This repo contains the source code of 10 distinct benchmarks, implemented in 28 different languages (exactly as taken from the Computer Language Benchmark Game).Using the calculations from the previous article, we can estimate the yearly carbon impact: C#/WPF is around .00031 mtCO2e per year for that population. Python/Kiva is around .00087 mtCO2e per ...May 10, 2020 · Python vs C++. Python is more memory efficient because of its automatic garbage collection as compared to C++ which does not support garbage collection. Python code is easy to learn, use and write as compare to C++ which is hard to understand and use because of its complex syntax. Python uses an interpreter to execute the code which makes it ... Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency - ScienceDirect Science of Computer Programming Volume 205, 1 May 2021, 102609 Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency Pereira a b , Marco Couto c b , Francisco Ribeiro c b , Rua c b , Jácome Cunha c b , João Paulo Fernandes d , João Saraiva c b Add to Mendeley.

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